The Legendary Kohinoor Diamond: History, Controversies

Introduction

The Kohinoor Diamond, one of the world’s most famous and enigmatic gemstones, has captivated rulers, historians, and gem enthusiasts for centuries. Known for its unparalleled brilliance and a history steeped in conquest, betrayal, and power, this legendary diamond has changed hands multiple times, passing through the treasuries of Indian, Persian, and British rulers. Today, it remains a symbol of both opulence and controversy, housed in the British Crown Jewels.

This article delves into the origins, history, controversies, and legends surrounding the Kohinoor diamond.

Origins and Early History

The Kohinoor, meaning “Mountain of Light” in Persian, is believed to have been mined from the famous Golconda mines in present-day Telangana, India. Historians trace its discovery back over 5,000 years, making it one of the oldest known diamonds in existence. It was first mentioned in ancient Hindu texts, where it was regarded as a divine stone, symbolizing power and divine favor.

• Some sources claim the Kohinoor was originally over 793 carats in its uncut form.
• The diamond’s first known ownership can be linked to Rajput and Kakatiya rulers before being seized by the Delhi Sultanate.
• The famous Mughal Emperor Babur referred to it in his memoirs, the Baburnama, after acquiring it in the 16th century.

Journey Through Empires

The Kohinoor has been part of many royal treasuries, changing ownership through warfare and strategic alliances:

Mughal Dynasty (1526-1739)

During the reign of the Mughal Empire, the Kohinoor was one of the prized possessions of the emperors. It was set into the Peacock Throne of Shah Jahan, the builder of the Taj Mahal.

Persian Invasion and Nader Shah (1739)

In 1739, Persian ruler Nader Shah invaded Delhi and seized the Mughal treasures, including the Kohinoor. It was during this time that the diamond was named Kohinoor, or Mountain of Light.

Afghan and Sikh Rule (18th-19th Century)

After Nader Shah’s assassination, the diamond passed into the hands of Ahmad Shah Abdali, founder of modern Afghanistan. It later became part of the treasury of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire, who had it placed in his armory as a symbol of his sovereignty.

The British Acquisition and Controversy

Following the annexation of Punjab in 1849, the British East India Company seized the Kohinoor under the Treaty of Lahore. It was presented to Queen Victoria and later cut from 186 carats to 105.6 carats to enhance its brilliance.

• The diamond was set into the British Crown Jewels, currently part of the Queen Mother’s Crown.
• Many Indian historians and politicians have since demanded its return, arguing that it was taken under dubious circumstances.

The Curse of the Kohinoor

Legends surrounding the Kohinoor claim that it brings misfortune to male owners, while women remain unharmed. Some believe that the stone’s bloody history is a testament to its cursed nature, as many of its male possessors met tragic fates.

Conclusion

The Kohinoor diamond remains an enduring symbol of India’s rich history and colonial past. While it continues to be a subject of diplomatic debate, it undeniably holds an unrivaled place in the annals of world history. Whether viewed as a cursed jewel or a magnificent artifact, the Kohinoor’s legacy is etched in time, mesmerizing generations with its brilliance and intrigue.